Spinal Tumors

Spinal tumors refer to abnormal cell growth that can occur in the vertebrae, spinal cord, or surrounding tissues. The symptoms and treatment options for these tumors vary depending on their type, size, and location. As neurosurgeons, we play an important role in raising awareness about spinal tumors and helping patients recognize their symptoms.

Types of Spinal Tumors

Spinal tumors are classified into two main categories: primary and secondary.

Primary Spinal Tumors: These originate directly in the spine.
- Bone Tumors: Tumors arising from the bone tissue of the spine, such as osteoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteosarcoma.
- Spinal Cord Tumors: Tumors originating from the spinal cord tissue, including astrocytoma, ependymoma, and meningioma.
Secondary Spinal Tumors: These are caused by cancer cells spreading (metastasizing) from another part of the body, most commonly from the lungs, breast, prostate, or kidneys.

Symptoms of Spinal Tumors

Symptoms may vary depending on the tumor’s size, location, and the tissues affected. Common signs include:

Back or Neck Pain: Persistent or worsening pain, often more noticeable at rest.
Numbness or Weakness: Loss of sensation, tingling, or weakness in the legs or arms.
Walking Difficulties: Problems with balance, coordination, or mobility.
Bladder or Bowel Problems: Difficulty with urination or bowel movements.
Bone Fractures: Sudden fractures caused by spinal weakening.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of spinal tumors may involve imaging tests such as MRI, CT scans, bone scintigraphy, and sometimes biopsy. Treatment options depend on the type, size, and extent of the tumor and may include:

Surgery: To remove as much of the tumor as safely possible.
Radiotherapy: To destroy or control the growth of tumor cells using high-energy beams.
Chemotherapy: Drugs designed to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells.
Targeted Therapies: Medications developed to act on specific genetic features of certain tumor types.

Treatment plans are usually developed by a multidisciplinary team of specialists, including neurosurgeons, oncologists, radiologists, physiotherapists, and other healthcare professionals.

Conclusion

Spinal tumors are serious medical conditions that require early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. If you notice symptoms or believe you may be at risk, it is important to seek medical advice promptly. Being aware of spinal tumors is a critical step in ensuring early detection and effective treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.